ABSTRACT
In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to
day-to-day increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it
becomes necessary that we must depend on non-conventional sources for power
generation. While moving, the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and it is
being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a
special arrangement called “POWER HUMP”.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be
converted into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion
mechanism. This shaft is connected to the electric dynamo and it produces
electrical energy proportional to traffic density. This generated power can be
regulated by using zenor diode for continuous supply .All this mechanism can be
housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called hump.
The generated power can be used for general
purpose like streetlights, traffic signals. The electrical output can be
improved by arranging these power humps in series this generated power can be
amplified and stored by using different electric devices. The maintenance cost
of hump is almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the
future demands to some extent.
KEY WORDS:
Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy, Electro-mechanical
unit, Speed breaker, magnetic field.
INTRODUCTION:
In the present scenario power
becomes the major need for human life .The availability and its percapita
consumptions is regarded as the index of national standard of living in the
present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of
any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the
population of the world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of
living of human beings has increased. India is the country, which majorly
suffers with lack of sufficient power generation. The capital energy
consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000 K.W.H., where as per INDIA is only 150
K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population consumes 32% of total power generation
where as INDIA as developing country with 20% of world population consumes only
1% of total energy consumed in the world.
The availability of regular
conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power generation, but
there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few
decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new
sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years.
Another major problem, which is becoming
the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living
organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and
automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore, we have to
investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without
using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.
There are already existing such systems using
renewable energy such as solar wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions)
etc…for power generation. The latest technology which is used to generate the
power by such renewable energy is the” POWER HUMP”.
WORKING
PRINCIPLE:
While moving, the vehicles possess some
kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to
produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an
Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and
electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage. POWER HUMP is a
dome like device likely to be speed breaker.
When ever the vehicle is
allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs are
attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the
bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has
teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of
rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite
direction. A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the
fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So that the shafts
will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt drive
to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The conversion will be proportional to traffic density.
Whenever an armature
rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an E.M.F (electro
motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F.armature coil has to
rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating
same e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is
utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power
into one way a special component is
used called zenor diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be housed
under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP. The electrical output
can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power
can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices.
CONSTRUCTION
DETAILS:
The various machine elements used in the
construction of power hump are
·
RACK
·
SPUR
GEAR
·
FLY
WHEEL
·
BEARINGS
·
SHAFT
·
SPRINGS
·
ELECTRIC
DYNAMO
A dome is mounted on four springs
and in the bottom, a rack is clamped. The rack consists contact teeth on both
the faces. It is connected to two gear wheels to rotate the gear wheels only in
one direction. We have inserted a free wheel in each gear. The free wheel and
the gear assembly are mounted centrally. The flywheel is also mounted on the
same shaft and the shaft is simply supported at the both ends by means of ball
bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by belt drive. The output
terminal of dynamo is connected to an electrical storing device. The total
assembly is arranged in concrete pit.
RACK:
Its primary function is to convert
translatory motion into rotary motion. It must have higher strength, rigidity
and resistance to shock load and less wear and tear.
It is a positive power transmission
device with definite velocity ratio. In volute teeth profile is preferred for
adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high wear and tear,
shock-absorbing capacity.
FLY WHEEL:
The primary function of flywheel is
to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the fluctuations in speed. It
absorbs the energy when demand is less and release the same when it is required.
SHAFTS:
It is a rotating element, which is
used to transmit power from one place to another place. It supports the
rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high torsional
rigidity and lateral rigidity.
SPRINGS:
It is defined as an elastic body
whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when
the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy either due to
shocks or due to vibrations.
BEARINGS:
It is a machine element, which
supports another machinery. It permits relative motion between the contacting
surfaces while carrying the loads. They reduce the friction and transmit the
motion effectively.
ELECTRIC DYNAMO:
It is a device, which converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based on “faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction”.
FIRST LAW:
Whenever a conductor cuts across
magnetic lines of flux an e.m.f is induced in it.
SECOND LAW:
The magnitude of induced
e.m.f is equals to the rate of change of flux.
CONCLUSION:
Energy is an important input to
sustain industrial growth and standard of living of a country and can be
directly related to per-capita energy consumption. The conventional sources
energy like coal, oil, uranium etc… are depleting very fast and by the turn of
the century man will have to depend upon non conventional sources of energy for
power generation.
The various types of
non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind energy, biogas etc…
now by developing “POWER HUMP” we can generate power with out utilizing any
external sources mentioned earlier.
Now, vehicular traffic in big
cities is more, causing a problem to human being. But this vehicular traffic
can also be utilized for power generation by means of new technique called
“POWER HUMP”. If it is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and kinetic
energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power in shafts and
this mechanical power is once again converted into electrical energy.
As it does not utilize any
external source, and traffic will never be reduced, these power humps are more
reliable, and have more life than any other power source. It is also feasible
from the customer point of view as follows.
The total installation cost
of the hump is 6000 rupees.
Total cost = 6000 rupees
Say with improvements in
design it can glow 5 streetlights of 40-watt capacity, which will consume 2.7
K.W.H. per day.
For t years electricity bill will be
2986.5*t
T=2years
i.e. the consumer will be
repaid his investment with in 2 years period. From this onwards, there will be
no investment and free of cost. The life of POWER HUMP is estimated to be 6
years. So the customer will get free power generation for 4 years period.
But the major drawback of
this POWER HUMP is design of springs. When we have less traffic and there is
difficulty in design of springs also the generation of power is intermittent, we
have to smooth out this variations.
With proper improvements
in design and installation, we can produce 240v/230v with 5-10A power smoothly
and can be used for public use like streetlights or traffic signals.
REFERRENCES:
·
Machine
Design – Shigley
·
Design
of Machine Elements – R.C.Mouli
·
Production
Technology – Pandya and Shah
·
Machine
Drawing – N.D.Bhatt
·
Strength
Of Materials – Punmi
·
Marketing
and Sales – Agarwal
·
Electrical
Technology – B.L.Theraja
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